^Commonly translated as young man, but often used to refer to a freshman, or a member of an organization in their first year, per Sarjeant, 1971, p.253.
^"German-English translation for "Jungmann"". en.langenscheidt.com. PONS. 1 يناير 2020. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2020-02-20. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2020-03-02. Jungmann m (Jungmann(e)s, Jungmänner): youngster, young man, recruit in his first year of service
^Morgała, Andrzej Morgała (2003). Samoloty wojskowe w Polsce 1924–1939. Warsaw: Bellona, p. 316. (ردمك 83-11-09319-9) (in Polish)
