كاريليا الشمالية

كاريليا الشمالية
	تعديل مصدري - تعديل

كاريليا الشمالية (بالفنلندية: Pohjois-Karjala) (بالسويدية: Norra Karelen) إقليم فنلندي.^[1]^[2]^[3] تحده كاينو، سافو الشمالية و‌سافو الجنوبية، كاريليا الجنوبية و‌روسيا.

مدينة يوينسو هي مركز إقليم كاريليا الشمالية.

سُمي بطريقة ما نسبة إلى الموقع الجغرافي لمنطقة كاريليا التاريخية، الموجودة حالية بين فنلندا، و‌روسيا.

مراجع

^ "THE NORTH KARELIA PROJECT: FROM NORTH KARELIA TO NATIONAL ACTION". National Institute for Health and Welfare (Finland) [1]. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2014-07-15. In first five years of the North Karelia Project, for example, most of the reduction in cigarette smoking took place in the first year of the programme; most hypertensive individuals who brought their blood pressure under control achieved this by the end of the third year; dietary changes took place gradually over a five-year period; and, as noted earlier, at the end of five years, a net reduction in risk-factor levels was observed. Concerning mortality, CHD incidence and mortality rates started to decline surprisingly quickly after the start of the intervention in North Karelia. In the rest of the country, a similar decline started several years later. Thus a significant net change in favour of North Karelia was observed, especially in 1974 to 1979 (Salonen et al, 1983). Thereafter, although the decline in North Karelia continued, the net decline was gradually reduced. Thus maximal difference in favour of the intervention area was observed some 5-8 years after its start (Puska et al, 1995). For cancer mortality, a net reduction in favour of North Karelia could be observed much later, i.e., 5 to 10 years after the intervention commenced. {{استشهاد ويب}}: روابط خارجية في |ناشر= (مساعدة)
^ "The North Karelia Project: 30 years successfully preventing chronic diseases" (PDF). International Diabetes Federation. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2017-02-15.
^ Puska، P؛ Salonen، JT؛ Nissinen، A؛ Tuomilehto، J؛ Vartiainen، E؛ Korhonen، H؛ Tanskanen، A؛ Rönnqvist، P؛ Koskela، K؛ Huttunen، J. "Change in risk factors for coronary heart disease during 10 years of a community intervention programme (North Karelia project)" (PDF). Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). ج. 287: 1840–4. DOI:10.1136/bmj.287.6408.1840. PMC:1550066. PMID:6423038. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2020-01-09. After the second world war cardiovascular diseases, predominantly coronary heart disease, became the leading public health problem in most of the industrialised world. Mortality statistics and other studies showed that in the 1960s the highest heart disease mortality rates were observed in Finland, predominantly in men. Within Finland the highest rates were registered in eastern Finland and were particularly high in the county of North Karelia.

في كومنز صور وملفات عن: كاريليا الشمالية

هذه بذرة مقالة عن موقع جغرافي في فنلندا بحاجة للتوسيع. فضلًا شارك في تحريرها.

[1] "THE NORTH KARELIA PROJECT: FROM NORTH KARELIA TO NATIONAL ACTION". National Institute for Health and Welfare (Finland) [1]. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2014-07-15. In first five years of the North Karelia Project, for example, most of the reduction in cigarette smoking took place in the first year of the programme; most hypertensive individuals who brought their blood pressure under control achieved this by the end of the third year; dietary changes took place gradually over a five-year period; and, as noted earlier, at the end of five years, a net reduction in risk-factor levels was observed. Concerning mortality, CHD incidence and mortality rates started to decline surprisingly quickly after the start of the intervention in North Karelia. In the rest of the country, a similar decline started several years later. Thus a significant net change in favour of North Karelia was observed, especially in 1974 to 1979 (Salonen et al, 1983). Thereafter, although the decline in North Karelia continued, the net decline was gradually reduced. Thus maximal difference in favour of the intervention area was observed some 5-8 years after its start (Puska et al, 1995). For cancer mortality, a net reduction in favour of North Karelia could be observed much later, i.e., 5 to 10 years after the intervention commenced. {{استشهاد ويب}}: روابط خارجية في |ناشر= (مساعدة)

[2] "The North Karelia Project: 30 years successfully preventing chronic diseases" (PDF). International Diabetes Federation. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2017-02-15.

[3] Puska، P؛ Salonen، JT؛ Nissinen، A؛ Tuomilehto، J؛ Vartiainen، E؛ Korhonen، H؛ Tanskanen، A؛ Rönnqvist، P؛ Koskela، K؛ Huttunen، J. "Change in risk factors for coronary heart disease during 10 years of a community intervention programme (North Karelia project)" (PDF). Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). ج. 287: 1840–4. DOI:10.1136/bmj.287.6408.1840. PMC:1550066. PMID:6423038. مؤرشف من الأصل (PDF) في 2020-01-09. After the second world war cardiovascular diseases, predominantly coronary heart disease, became the leading public health problem in most of the industrialised world. Mortality statistics and other studies showed that in the 1960s the highest heart disease mortality rates were observed in Finland, predominantly in men. Within Finland the highest rates were registered in eastern Finland and were particularly high in the county of North Karelia.

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ع ن ت قائمة مناطق فنلندا
أقاليم	جزر أولاند فنلندا الوسطى بوهيانما الوسطى فارسينايس سوومي كاينو كومنلاكسو إقليم لابي كاريليا الشمالية بوهيانما الشمالية سافو الشمالية بوهيانما بايات هامي بيركنما ستاكونتا كاريليا الجنوبية بوهيانما الجنوبية سافو الجنوبية كانتا هامي أوسيما
أقاليم سابقة	أوسيما الشرقية

كاريليا الشمالية

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