عرض مصدر هوائي مقياس التداخل الليزري الفضائي

{{صندوق معلومات رحلة فضائية
| name                  = هوائي مقياس التداخل الليزري الفضائي
| names_list            = <!--list of previous names if the spacecraft has been renamed. 
Include the dates applicable if possible, and separate each name with a linebreak. 
Omit if the spacecraft has only ever been known by one name. 
Do not include Harvard, COSPAR/NSSDC or SATCAT/NORAD/NASA designations as alternative names-->

<!--image of the spacecraft/mission-->
| image                 = [[ملف:LISA-waves.jpg|لاإطار]]
| image_caption         = إنطباع فنان للمركبة الفضائية (ليزا)
| image_alt             = <!--image alt text-->
| image_size            = <!--include px/em; defaults to 220px-->

<!--Basic details-->
| mission_type          = [[فيزياء فلكية]]
| operator              = [[وكالة الفضاء الأوروبية]]
| Harvard_designation   = <!--spacecraft launched 1962 and earlier only (e.g. 1957 Alpha 2)-->
| COSPAR_ID             = <!--spacecraft launched since 1963 only (aka NSSDC ID; e.g. 1998-067A)-->
| SATCAT                = <!--satellite catalogue number, omit leading zeroes (e.g. 25544)-->
| website               = {{مسار|https://www.lisamission.org/}}
| mission_duration      = <!--How long the mission lasted-->
| distance_travelled    = <!--How far the spacecraft travelled (if known)-->
| orbits_completed      = <!--number of times the spacecraft orbited the Earth - see below for spacecraft beyond Earth orbit-->
| suborbital_range      = <!--downrange distance reached if spacecraft did not enter orbit-->
| suborbital_apogee     = <!--altitude reached if spacecraft did not enter orbit-->

<!--Spacecraft properties-->
| spacecraft            = <!--Spacecraft name/serial number (e.g. Space Shuttle ''Discovery'', Apollo CM-118), etc-->
| spacecraft_type       = <!--e.g. GPS Block II, Kobalt-M, US-K, etc-->
| spacecraft_bus        = <!--e.g. A2100M, Star-2, etc-->
| manufacturer          = <!--company or companies who built the satellite-->
| launch_mass           = <!--fuelled mass at launch, not including rocket or upper stage-->
| BOL_mass              = <!--spacecraft mass in orbit at beginning of operational life, after LEOP phase-->
| landing_mass          = <!--Mass after landing (recovered spacecraft only)-->
| dry_mass              = <!--spacecraft mass in orbit without fuel-->
| payload_mass          = <!--Mass of cargo carried by spacecraft (e.g. for Space Shuttle), or total mass of instrumentation/equipment/experiments for mission-->
| dimensions            = <!--body dimensions and solar array span-->
| power                 = <!--end-of-life power, in watts-->

<!--Launch details-->
| launch_date           = 2030 (المقترح)<ref name="2017proposal">{{استشهاد ويب |مسار=https://www.lisamission.org/proposal/LISA.pdf |عنوان=LISA: Laser Interferometer Space Antenna |مؤلف=LISA Consortium |تاريخ الوصول = 16 January 2017| وصلة مكسورة = yes | مسار أرشيف = https://web.archive.org/web/20200527020544/https://www.lisamission.org/proposal/LISA.pdf | تاريخ أرشيف = 27 مايو 2020 }}</ref>
<!--{{تاريخ بداية|YYYY|MM|DD|hh|mm|ss|TZ=Z}}-->
| launch_rocket         = <!--Rocket that launched the satellite, include upper stage if distinct from rocket* and if possible flight/tail/serial number-->
| launch_site           = <!--Where the rocket launched from, including complex and pad; do not include the full address or country-->
| launch_contractor     = <!--organisation(s) that conducted the launch (e.g. United Launch Alliance, Arianespace, etc)-->
| deployment_from       = <!--place where deployed from-->
| deployment_date       = <!--date deployed-->
| entered_service       = <!--date on which the spacecraft entered service, if it did not do so immediately after launch-->
<!-- * - e.g. Proton-M/Briz-M not Proton-M, but Titan IV(401)A not Titan IV(401)A-Centaur-->

<!--end of mission-->
| disposal_type         = <!--Whether the spacecraft was deorbited, decommissioned, placed in a graveyard orbit, etc-->
| deactivated           = <!--when craft was decommissioned-->
| destroyed             = <!--when craft was destroyed (if other than by re-entry)-->
| last_contact          = <!--when last signal received if not decommissioned-->
| recovery_by           = <!--recovered by-->
| recovery_date         = <!--recovery date-->
| decay_date            = <!--when craft re-entered the atmosphere, not needed if it landed-->
| landing_date          = <!--when the spacecraft made a controlled landing, not needed if it did not return intact-->
| landing_site          = <!--where the craft landed; site/runway or coordinates-->
<!--    The following template should be used for ONE of the three above fields "end_of_mission", "decay" or "landing" if the spacecraft is no longer operational.
    If it landed intact, use it for the landing time, otherwise for the date it ceased operations, or the decay date if it was still operational when it re-entered.
    {{تاريخ نهاية|YYYY|MM|DD|hh|mm|ss|TZ=Z}} (for Zulu/UTC) or {{تاريخ نهاية|YYYY|MM|DD}} (if time unknown) -->

<!--orbit parameters-->
<!--as science-related articles, SI units should be the principal units of measurement, however we usually use {{حول}} to display imperial units in parentheses after the initial values-->
| orbit_reference       = [[مدار شمسي المركز|مدار شمسي]]
| orbit_regime          = <!--high, low, medium, molniya, GSO - please link (e.g. [[مدار أرضي منخفض]] - please don't use acronyms-->
| orbit_longitude       = <!--geosynchronous satellites only-->
| orbit_slot            = <!--Designation of orbital position or slot, if not longitude (e.g plane and position of a GPS satellite)-->
| orbit_semimajor       = 1 [[وحدة فلكية]]
| orbit_eccentricity    = <!--orbital eccentricity-->
| orbit_periapsis       = <!--periapsis altitude--> 
| orbit_apoapsis        = <!--apoapsis altitude--> 
| orbit_inclination     = <!--orbital inclination--> 
| orbit_period          = 1 سنة
| orbit_RAAN            = <!--right ascension of the ascending node-->
| orbit_arg_periapsis   = <!--argument of perigee/periapsis-->
| orbit_mean_anomaly    = <!--mean anomaly at epoch, only use in conjunction with an epoch value-->
| orbit_mean_motion     = <!--mean motion of the satellite, usually measured in orbits per day-->
| orbit_repeat          = <!--repeat interval/revisit time-->
| orbit_velocity        = <!--speed at which the spacecraft was travelling at epoch - only use for spacecraft with low orbital eccentricity-->
| orbit_epoch           = مخطط
| orbit_rev_number      = <!--revolution number-->
| apsis                 = helion

<!--transponder parameters-->
| trans_band            = <!--Transponder frequency bands-->
| trans_frequency       = <!--specific frequencies-->
| trans_bandwidth       = <!--bandwidth-->
| trans_capacity        = <!--capacity of the transponders-->
| trans_coverage        = <!--area covered-->
| trans_TWTA            = <!--TWTA output power-->
| trans_EIRP            = <!--equivalent isotropic power-->
| trans_HPBW            = <!--half-power beam width-->

<!--Only use where a spacecraft/mission is part of a clear programme of sequential missions. 
If in doubt, leave it out-->
| programme             = 
| previous_mission      =
| next_mission          =

<!--mission insignia or patch-->
| insignia              = <!--omit the "file" prefix-->
| insignia_caption      = <!--image caption-->
| insignia_alt          = <!--image alt text-->
| insignia_size         = <!--include px/em; defaults to 180px-->
}}
 
'''هوائي مقياس التداخل الليزري الفضائي''' (ليزا) LISA {{إنج|Laser Interferometer Space Antenna}} هو مهمة مقترحة ل[[وكالة الفضاء الأوروبية]] تهدف إلى الكشف عن [[موجة ثقالية|الأمواج الثقالية]] وقياسها بدقة في الفضاء الخارجي.<ref name=eLISAmission>{{استشهاد ويب | عنوان = eLISA, The First Gravitational Wave Observatory in Space| ناشر = eLISA Consortium | مسار = https://www.elisascience.org/articles/elisa-mission/elisa-mission-gravitational-universe |تاريخ الوصول = 12 November 2013| مسار أرشيف = https://web.archive.org/web/20160402015502/https://www.elisascience.org/articles/elisa-mission/elisa-mission-gravitational-universe | تاريخ أرشيف = 2 أبريل 2016 | وصلة مكسورة = yes }}</ref>
تتكون تجربة ليزا من ثلاثة أقمار صناعية موزعة في الفضاء في شكل مثلث، حيث تبلغ المسافة بينهم 5و2 كليومتر . الثلاثة أقمار صناعية تعمل كمطياف [[تداخل (توضيح)|تداخل]] لقياس موجات ثقالية تنشأ في الكون. كا هذا المشروع مخططا للة [[وكالة الفضاء الأوروبية|إيسا]] الأوروبية و[[ناسا]] الأمريكية، ولكن انسحبت ناسا منه بسبب قلة الميزانية في عام 2011.
وتعطلت التجربة وقامت إيسا بادخال تحسينات فيها في عام 2017 ومن المفترض أن ترسل الثلاثة اقمار صناعية إلى
الفضاء في عام 2025على الأكثر.<ref>{{Internetquelle| url=http://sci.esa.int/cosmic-vision/59243-gravitational-wave-mission-selected-planet-hunting-mission-moves-forward/| titel=Europe's search for gravitational waves| hrsg=ESA| datum=2017-06-20| abruf=2019-04-27}}</ref>

في عام 2015 استطاعت تجربة [[ليغو (مرصد)|ليغو]] (وهي تجربة تمت على الأرض) اثبات امكانية قياس [[موجة ثقالية|الموجات الثقالية]] ، وحصل ثلاثة من العلماء الأمركيين على جائزة نوبل 2016 للفيزياء.

في 11 فبراير 2016 نشرت مجموعة العلماء العاملة على مرصد ليغو عن أول تسجيل ناجح لقياس موجة ثقالية مباشرة سجلها مقياس التداخل المتعامد في سبتمبر 2015. كانت الموجة الثقالية ناتجة عن اصتدام [[ثقب أسود|ثقبين أسودين]] .<ref>''[http://www.zeit.de/wissen/2016-02/albert-einstein-gravitationswellen-physik-relativitaetstheorie-beweis-astronomie Einsteins Gravitationswellen sind nachgewiesen.]'' In: ''Zeit-Online.'' 11. Februar 2016. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728105855/https://www.zeit.de/wissen/2016-02/albert-einstein-gravitationswellen-physik-relativitaetstheorie-beweis-astronomie|date=2020-07-28}}</ref><ref name="Abbottetal">B. P. Abbott u. a.: [https://dcc.ligo.org/public/0122/P150914/014/LIGO-P150914%3ADetection_of_GW150914.pdf ''Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger.''] (PDF). LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration, Physical Review Letters, 11. Februar 2016. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316235839/https://dcc.ligo.org/public/0122/P150914/014/LIGO-P150914:Detection_of_GW150914.pdf|date=2021-03-16}}</ref><ref>{{Internetquelle |url=https://www.heise.de/newsticker/meldung/Einstein-hatte-Recht-Forscher-weisen-Gravitationswellen-nach-3099654.html |titel=Einstein hatte Recht: Forscher weisen Gravitationswellen nach |werk=heise online |abruf=2016-02-13}}</ref><ref>{{Literatur |Autor=B. P. Abbott u. a. |Titel=The basic physics of the binary black hole merger GW150914 |Sammelwerk=Ann. Phys. |Ort=Berlin |Datum=2016-10-04 |Online=[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/andp.201600209/full DOI] |Abruf=2016-11-26}} {{استشهاد ويب |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/andp.201600209/full |title=نسخة مؤرشفة |accessdate=24 مارس 2021 |تاريخ الأرشيف=7 أكتوبر 2017 |مسار الأرشيف=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007175412/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/andp.201600209/full |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>
وتعتبر تلك القياسة أحد أحجار الزاوية في تاريخ علم الفلك، وفي عام 2017 منحت [[جائزة نوبل في الفيزياء|جائزة نوبل للفيزياء]] 2017 إلى العلماء [[راينر وايس]] و[[باري باريش]] و[[كيب ثورن]] لإجراء مشاهدة موجة ثقالية بواسطة مكشاف [[ليغو (مرصد)|ليغو]] .