دراسات جينية على البلغار

البلغار جزء من المجموعة العرقية اللغوية السلافية نتيجة هجرات القبائل السلافية إلى المنطقة منذ القرن السادس الميلادي والاستيعاب اللغوي اللاحق للسكان الآخرين.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

إن ظاهرة الطبقات الجينية المتميزة في الغرب والشرق والجنوب السلاف تعني ضمناً عدة آليات، بما في ذلك الاستيعاب الثقافي للسكان الأصليين من قبل حاملي اللغات السلافية كآلية رئيسية لانتشار اللغات السلافية إلى شبه جزيرة البلقان.^[6]^[7] حوالي 55٪ من الإرث الجيني البلغاري هو متوسطي، نصفه تقريبًا يشبه القوقاز والشرق الأوسط وبدرجة أقل علم الوراثة في شمال إفريقيا.^[8] من خلال الجمع بين جميع خطوط الأدلة، يُقترح أن الجزء الأكبر من التباين الجيني داخل Balto-Slavic يمكن أن يُعزى بشكل أساسي إلى استيعاب المكونات الجينية الإقليمية الموجودة مسبقًا، والتي تختلف بالنسبة للشعوب الغربية والشرقية والجنوبية الناطقة بالسلافية.^[6]

مراجع

^ "Companion website for "A genetic atlas of human admixture history", Hellenthal et al, Science (2014)". A genetic atlas of human admixture history. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-03-16.

Hellenthal، Garrett؛ Busby، George B.J.؛ Band، Gavin؛ Wilson، James F.؛ Capelli، Cristian؛ Falush، Daniel؛ Myers، Simon (14 فبراير 2014). "A Genetic Atlas of Human Admixture History". ساينس. ج. 343 ع. 6172: 747–751. Bibcode:2014Sci...343..747H. DOI:10.1126/science.1243518. ISSN:0036-8075. PMID:24531965. {{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: الوسيط غير المعروف |PMCID= تم تجاهله يقترح استخدام |pmc= (مساعدة)

Hellenthal، G.؛ Busby، G. B.؛ Band، G.؛ Wilson، J. F.؛ Capelli، C.؛ Falush، D.؛ Myers، S. (2014). "Supplementary Material for "A genetic atlas of human admixture history"". Science. ج. 343 ع. 6172: 747–751. Bibcode:2014Sci...343..747H. DOI:10.1126/science.1243518. PMID:24531965. S7.6 "East Europe": The difference between the 'East Europe I' and 'East Europe II' analyses is that the latter analysis included the Polish as a potential donor population. The Polish were included in this analysis to reflect a Slavic language speaking source group." "We speculate that the second event seen in our six Eastern Europe populations between northern European and southern European ancestral sources may correspond to the expansion of Slavic language speaking groups (commonly referred to as the Slavic expansion) across this region at a similar time, perhaps related to displacement caused by the Eurasian steppe invaders (38; 58). Under this scenario, the northerly source in the second event might represent DNA from Slavic-speaking migrants (sampled Slavic-speaking groups are excluded from being donors in the EastEurope I analysis). To test consistency with this, we repainted these populations adding the Polish as a single Slavic-speaking donor group ("East Europe II" analysis; see Note S7.6) and, in doing so, they largely replaced the original North European component (Figure S21), although we note that two nearby populations, Belarus and Lithuania, are equally often inferred as sources in our original analysis (Table S12). Outside these six populations, an admixture event at the same time (910CE, 95% CI:720-1140CE) is seen in the southerly neighboring Greeks, between sources represented by multiple neighboring Mediterranean peoples (63%) and the Polish (37%), suggesting a strong and early impact of the Slavic expansions in Greece, a subject of recent debate (37). These shared signals we find across East European groups could explain a recent observation of an excess of IBD sharing among similar groups, including Greece, that was dated to a wide range between 1,000 and 2,000 years ago (37) {{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: الوسيط |مسار أرشيف= بحاجة لـ |مسار= (مساعدة) والوسيط غير المعروف |PMCID= تم تجاهله يقترح استخدام |pmc= (مساعدة)
^ Minahan، James (2000). One Europe, many nations: a historical dictionary of European national groups. Greenwood Publishing Group. ص. 134–135. ISBN:9780313309847. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-04-08. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-11-13.
^ Fine، John Van Antwerp (1991). The early medieval Balkans: a critical survey from the sixth to the late twelfth century. University of Michigan Press. ص. 308. ISBN:978-0-472-08149-3. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-04-08.
^ Kopeček، Michal (2007). Balázs Trencsényi (المحرر). Discourses of collective identity in Central and Southeast Europe (1770–1945): texts and commentaries. Central European University Press. ص. 240. ISBN:978-963-7326-60-8. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2015-10-30.
^ Expansions: Competition and Conquest in Europe Since the Bronze Age, Reykjavíkur Akademían, 2010, (ردمك 9979992212), p. 194. نسخة محفوظة 9 يونيو 2022 على موقع واي باك مشين.
^ ^أ ^ب Kushniarevich، Alena؛ وآخرون (2015). "Genetic Heritage of the Balto-Slavic Speaking Populations: A Synthesis of Autosomal, Mitochondrial and Y-Chromosomal Data". PLOS ONE. ج. 10 ع. 9: e0135820. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1035820K. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0135820. PMID:26332464. {{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: الوسيط غير المعروف |PMCID= تم تجاهله يقترح استخدام |pmc= (مساعدة)
^ Rebala et al. (2007) Y-STR variation among Slavs: evidence for the Slavic homeland in the middle Dnieper basin
^ Garrett Hellenthal et al نسخة محفوظة 5 سبتمبر 2018 على موقع واي باك مشين.

بوابة بلغاريا

دراسات جينية على البلغار في المشاريع الشقيقة:

[1] "Companion website for "A genetic atlas of human admixture history", Hellenthal et al, Science (2014)". A genetic atlas of human admixture history. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2023-03-16.

Hellenthal، Garrett؛ Busby، George B.J.؛ Band، Gavin؛ Wilson، James F.؛ Capelli، Cristian؛ Falush، Daniel؛ Myers، Simon (14 فبراير 2014). "A Genetic Atlas of Human Admixture History". ساينس. ج. 343 ع. 6172: 747–751. Bibcode:2014Sci...343..747H. DOI:10.1126/science.1243518. ISSN:0036-8075. PMID:24531965. {{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: الوسيط غير المعروف |PMCID= تم تجاهله يقترح استخدام |pmc= (مساعدة)

Hellenthal، G.؛ Busby، G. B.؛ Band، G.؛ Wilson، J. F.؛ Capelli، C.؛ Falush، D.؛ Myers، S. (2014). "Supplementary Material for "A genetic atlas of human admixture history"". Science. ج. 343 ع. 6172: 747–751. Bibcode:2014Sci...343..747H. DOI:10.1126/science.1243518. PMID:24531965. S7.6 "East Europe": The difference between the 'East Europe I' and 'East Europe II' analyses is that the latter analysis included the Polish as a potential donor population. The Polish were included in this analysis to reflect a Slavic language speaking source group." "We speculate that the second event seen in our six Eastern Europe populations between northern European and southern European ancestral sources may correspond to the expansion of Slavic language speaking groups (commonly referred to as the Slavic expansion) across this region at a similar time, perhaps related to displacement caused by the Eurasian steppe invaders (38; 58). Under this scenario, the northerly source in the second event might represent DNA from Slavic-speaking migrants (sampled Slavic-speaking groups are excluded from being donors in the EastEurope I analysis). To test consistency with this, we repainted these populations adding the Polish as a single Slavic-speaking donor group ("East Europe II" analysis; see Note S7.6) and, in doing so, they largely replaced the original North European component (Figure S21), although we note that two nearby populations, Belarus and Lithuania, are equally often inferred as sources in our original analysis (Table S12). Outside these six populations, an admixture event at the same time (910CE, 95% CI:720-1140CE) is seen in the southerly neighboring Greeks, between sources represented by multiple neighboring Mediterranean peoples (63%) and the Polish (37%), suggesting a strong and early impact of the Slavic expansions in Greece, a subject of recent debate (37). These shared signals we find across East European groups could explain a recent observation of an excess of IBD sharing among similar groups, including Greece, that was dated to a wide range between 1,000 and 2,000 years ago (37) {{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: الوسيط |مسار أرشيف= بحاجة لـ |مسار= (مساعدة) والوسيط غير المعروف |PMCID= تم تجاهله يقترح استخدام |pmc= (مساعدة)

[2] Minahan، James (2000). One Europe, many nations: a historical dictionary of European national groups. Greenwood Publishing Group. ص. 134–135. ISBN:9780313309847. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-04-08. اطلع عليه بتاريخ 2011-11-13.

[3] Fine، John Van Antwerp (1991). The early medieval Balkans: a critical survey from the sixth to the late twelfth century. University of Michigan Press. ص. 308. ISBN:978-0-472-08149-3. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2022-04-08.

[4] Kopeček، Michal (2007). Balázs Trencsényi (المحرر). Discourses of collective identity in Central and Southeast Europe (1770–1945): texts and commentaries. Central European University Press. ص. 240. ISBN:978-963-7326-60-8. مؤرشف من الأصل في 2015-10-30.

[reykjavkur-5] Expansions: Competition and Conquest in Europe Since the Bronze Age, Reykjavíkur Akademían, 2010, (ردمك 9979992212), p. 194. نسخة محفوظة 9 يونيو 2022 على موقع واي باك مشين.

[slav-6] أ ^ب Kushniarevich، Alena؛ وآخرون (2015). "Genetic Heritage of the Balto-Slavic Speaking Populations: A Synthesis of Autosomal, Mitochondrial and Y-Chromosomal Data". PLOS ONE. ج. 10 ع. 9: e0135820. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1035820K. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0135820. PMID:26332464. {{استشهاد بدورية محكمة}}: الوسيط غير المعروف |PMCID= تم تجاهله يقترح استخدام |pmc= (مساعدة)

[rebala-7] Rebala et al. (2007) Y-STR variation among Slavs: evidence for the Slavic homeland in the middle Dnieper basin

[garrett-8] Garrett Hellenthal et al نسخة محفوظة 5 سبتمبر 2018 على موقع واي باك مشين.

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