هذه historical map الصورة / الصورتان باستعمال رسومات متجهية ملفات رسوميات شعاعية. It is recommended to name the SVG file "East-Hem 323bc.svg" - then the template Vector version available (or Vva) does not need the new image name parameter.

الصُّور الموجودة في file رُفعت بصيغة JPEG مع أنها تحتوي عناصر بيانات غير مرتبطة بالصُّور الضَّوئِيَّة. يُمكِن تخزين هذه المَعلُومات بطريقةٍ أكثرَ فعاليَّةً باستعمال صيغة PNG أو SVG. ارفع نسخة بصيغة PNG أو SVG لو أمكن مِن غير التَّشوهات النَّاتِجة عن الضَّغط في نسخة JPEG. بعد إنجاز ذلك، سِم نسخة JPEG بقالب {{Superseded|اسم الصورة الجديدة.الصيغة}} ثُمَّ أزل هذا القالب. لا يُستعمل هذا القالب مع الصُّور الضَّوئيَّة أو الصُّور المَمسُوحة ضوئيَّاً. للمزيد من المعلومات انظر قالب {{BadJPEG}}.

الوصفEast-Hem 323bc.jpg	English: Eastern Hemisphere in 323 BC, at the death of Alexander the Great.
المصدر	عمل شخصي (For reference information, see below)
المؤلف	Thomas Lessman (Contact!)
الترخيص (إعادة استخدام هذا الملف)	أنا، صاحب حقوق التأليف والنشر لهذا العمل، أنشر هذا العمل تحت الرخصة التالية: هذا الملفُّ مُرخَّص بموجب رخصة المشاع الإبداعي نسبة المُصنَّف إِلى مُؤَلِّفه - المشاركة بالمثل 3.0 العامة يحقُّ لك: مشاركة العمل – نسخ العمل وتوزيعه وبثُّه إعادة إنتاج العمل – تعديل العمل حسب الشروط التالية: نسب العمل إلى مُؤَلِّفه – يلزم نسب العمل إلى مُؤَلِّفه بشكل مناسب وتوفير رابط للرخصة وتحديد ما إذا أجريت تغييرات. بالإمكان القيام بذلك بأية طريقة معقولة، ولكن ليس بأية طريقة تشير إلى أن المرخِّص يوافقك على الاستعمال. الإلزام بترخيص المُشتقات بالمثل – إذا أعدت إنتاج المواد أو غيرت فيها، فيلزم أن تنشر مساهماتك المُشتقَّة عن الأصل تحت ترخيص الأصل نفسه أو تحت ترخيص مُتوافِقٍ معه. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0CC BY-SA 3.0 Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 truetrue

Original Source URL: http://www.thomaslessman.com/History/images/East-Hem_323bc.jpg.

This map of the Eastern Hemisphere in 323 BC was created by Thomas Lessman, based on information from the sources listed below. This map is free for educational use (see Permission info above). When using this map, please mention that it is available for free at www.WorldHistoryMaps.info.

• Remember, sources often conflict with each other. This map is only as accurate as the information that is available to me.
• To report any errors or to help further this work, please use the Corrections page, or email Thomas Lessman at [email protected]

References for information contained in this map:

Empire of Alexander the Great information is derived from:

• The DK Atlas of World History, 2000 Edition; map of Alexander's Empire and successors; (Pg. 224)
• Wikimedia's map of The Empire of Alexander the Great uploaded by User talk:Captain Blood
• Wikipedia's article about Alexander the Great

I - European Information:

Roman Republic borders are derived from The DK Atlas of World History, 2000 Edition; Pg. 178; Map of Italy in 240 BCE (also shows Roman borders in 300 BCE).

II - Asian Information:

Chinese Area borders are derived from this map of The Contending States Boundries c. 350 BC, available on Huhai.net.

Indian Kingdoms locations are derived from Wikimedia's map of Epic India.

Gangaridai Note: the borders depicted for Gangaridai are not shown on any maps I've seen, they are described rather vaguely in the sources below:

• This article about The Origins of the Ganga Dynasty - A New Insight نسخة مؤرشفة في Wayback Machine by Dr. Harihar Kanungo; (Pg 25, section a).
• This article from Missouri Southern State University about Gangaridae in Megasthenes' Indica نسخة مؤرشفة في Wayback Machine; (Section 37).
• The History of Bengal website, which contains extensive information on an archeological site called Chandraketugarh, which may be the lost city of Ganga (the capital of Gangaridai).

Nanda Dynasty borders are derived from:

• The DK Atlas of World History, 2000 Edition; Map of The Nanda and Mauryan Empires 365-181 BCE; (Pg. 241)

Văn Lang borders are derived from:

• Wikimedia's map of Van Lang, created by User:Briangotts.
• Wikipedia's articles about Văn Lang and the Hồng Bàng Dynasty.

III - African Information and info for fringe areas like Africa, Australia, Siberia, etc. derive from:

• The DK Atlas of World History, 2000 Edition; map of The development of complex societies in Africa; (Page 160)
• Wikimedia's map of the World 323 BCE, created by User:Briangotts, and
• Wikimedia's map of the World in 300 BCE, created by User:Javierfv1212.

Note: Much of the information in this map was cross-checked with Bruce Gordon's Regnal Chronologies.

• 2007-12-21 15:09 Talessman 3240×1903×8 (717376 bytes) Corrected info for Far eastern peoples, more info for Africa and Europe
• 2007-11-21 19:34 Talessman 3240×1903×8 (697847 bytes) Added info on lesser-known cultures. Also changed text color of Helenistic states to Blue, of Iranian peoples to green, and added names of smaller nations (numbered legend).
• 2007-11-06 22:20 Talessman 3240×1903×8 (689151 bytes) Corrected borders in Sudan (Meroe) and Arabia, added info for Japan, Indonesia, etc.
• 2007-10-02 17:49 Talessman 2880×1692×8 (546378 bytes) Author: Thomas A. Lessman. Source URL: http://www.ThomasLessman.com/History/images/East-Hem_323bc.jpg. Image was created by me (Thomas Lessman) based on historical information located on Wikipedia, as well as information from maps located in Wikipedia and
• 2007-09-12 21:35 Talessman 2880×1692×8 (514268 bytes) Author: Thomas A. Lessman. Source URL: http://www.ThomasLessman.com/History/images/East-Hem_323bc.jpg. Image was created by me (Thomas Lessman) based on historical information located on Wikipedia, as well as information from maps located in Wikipedia and