Own work using:

• Basic map sources:
  • Haldon, John "various maps" in Palgrave Atlas of Byzantine History
  • Hugh Kennedy, Historical Atlas of Islam, Map 11.3 "Byzantium’s Balkan neighbours 1350-1453: Serbs, Bulgars and Turks."
  • '"Atlas to Freeman's Historical Geography, Map of south-eastern Europe in 1401 AD
• Southern Greece and Latin states in the Aegean and the Balkans:
  • Miller, William (١٩٠٨) The Latins in the Levant, a History of Frankish Greece (1204–1566)، تصنيف:نيويورك: E.P. Dutton and Company
  • Setton, Kenneth M. (١٩٧٦) The Papacy and the Levant (1204–1571), Volume I: The Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries، فيلادلفيا: The American Philosophical Society ISBN: 0-87169-114-0.
• Epirus, Albania, Montenegro:
  • Nicol, Donald M. (١٩٨٤) The Despotate of Epiros 1267-1479: A Contribution to the History of Greece in the Middle Ages، Cambridge University Press ISBN: 9780521261906.
  • Brendan Osswald, L'Epire du treizième au quinzième siècle: autonomie et hétérogénéité d'une région balkanique
  • Fine, John Van Antwerp (١٩٩٤) The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest، آن آربر: University of Michigan Press ISBN: 978-0-472-08260-5.
• Northern Greece:
  • Vacalopoulos, Apostolos E. (١٩٧٣) History of Macedonia 1354–1833، سالونيك: Institute for Balkan Studies OCLC: 220583971.
• Boundaries of the Byzantine Empire:
  • Bakalopulos, A. (1962). "Les limites de l'empire byzantin depuis la fin du XIV' siècle jusqu'à sa chute (1453)". Byzantinische Zeitschrift 55 (1): 56–65. DOI:10.1515/byzs.1962.55.1.56.
  • Dennis, George T. (1967). "The Byzantine–Turkish Treaty of 1403". Orientalia Christiana Periodica XXXIII: 72–88.
  • specifically on the territories in Bithynia (Mesothynia/Gulf of Nicomedia):
    • Shukurov, Rustam (٢٠١٦) The Byzantine Turks (1204–1461)، لايدن: Brill، pp. 147–156 ISBN: 978-90-04-30512-0.
    • Foss, Clive (١٩٩٦) Survey of Medieval Castles of Anatolia, Vol. II: Nicomedia، لندن: British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara، p. 46 ISBN: 978-1-8982-4907-8.
• Ottoman Empire and Anatolian beyliks:
  • Kastritsis, Dimitris (٢٠٠٧) The Sons of Bayezid: Empire Building and Representation in the Ottoman Civil War of 1402-13، BRILL ISBN: 978-90-04-15836-8.