عمل شخصي
References
عدل

Os centrale:

• Location and shape:
  • Madeira G, Napoli A, Moline T, Martin E, Oria S, Bruno C. (2013-09-26). "Osteonecrosis of the os centrale carpi". Euro Rad. DOI:10.1594/EURORAD/CASE.10881.
• Prevalence: 0.3% to 1.6%.:
  • (2014). "Bipartite os Centrale Carpi in a Patient with the First Metacarpal Bone Fracture". Archives of Plastic Surgery 41 (1): 98. DOI:10.5999/aps.2014.41.1.98. ISSN 2234-6163.
• Prevalence: 1.3% (right wrist) and 2.1% (left wrist):
  • Natsis et al., see list bottom.

Os vesalianum:

• Location and shape:
  • Roche Lexikon, see list bottom.
• Prevalence: 0.1
  • C. Pop; Cluj-Napoca/RO (2014). Mapping the extras: Supernumerary bones of the limbs. or 0.3
  • Natsis et al., see list bottom.

Os radiale externum

• Location and shape:
  • Levente István Lánczi. Os radiale externum. Retrieved on 2017-11-03.
• 1% on right hand, 0.9% on left:
  • Natsis et al., see list bottom.

Os epitrapezium

• Location and shape:
  • W. Pfitzner (1901). Rauber Kopsch Band1. Abb-299.
• 0.3% on the left
  • Natsis et al., see list bottom.

Os epilunatum

• Location and shape:
  • (2015). "Bilateral Symptomatic Os Epilunatum: A Case Report". Journal of Wrist Surgery 04 (01): 068–070. DOI:10.1055/s-0034-1543978. ISSN 2163-3916.
• 0.3% on the right hand, 0.3% on the left
  • Natsis et al., see list bottom.

Os hypolunatum

• Location and shape
  • Roche Lexikon, see list bottom.
• 0.3% on the left
  • Natsis et al., see list bottom.

Os hypotriquetrum

• Location and shape:
  • (2008). "Anatomical variation of co-existence of 4th and 5th short metacarpal bones, sesamoid ossicles and exostoses of ulna and radius in the same hand: a case report". Cases Journal 1 (1): 281. DOI:10.1186/1757-1626-1-281. ISSN 1757-1626.
• 0.5%
  • Tzaveas et al. (same as for location and shape).
  • Natsis et al., see list bottom.

Os triangulare

• 1% on the right hand, 0.9% on the left.
  • Natsis et al., see list bottom.
• Location and shape:
  • Henry Knipe. Os triangulare. Radiopaedia. Retrieved on 2017-11-03.

Os ulnostyloideum

• Location and shape:
  • (2009). "The crowded wrist-a case with accessory carpal bones". Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 70 (1): 96–98. DOI:10.3109/17453679909000970. ISSN 0001-6470.
• 1.5% on the right hand, 2.4% on the left.
  • Natsis et al., see list bottom.

Trapezium secundarium:

• 0.5% on the right hand, 2.1% on the left.
  • Natsis et al., see list bottom.
• Location and shape:
  • File:Os trapezium secundarium 53jm - CT cor und VR 001.jpg by Hellerhoff, 5 December 2015

Os styloideum

• 1.2% on the right hand, 1.2% on the left.**

Natsis et al., see list bottom.

• Location and shape:
  • (2010). "Achados de imagem por tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética do os styloideum em atleta sintomático". Radiologia Brasileira 43 (3): 207–209. DOI:10.1590/S0100-39842010000300014. ISSN 0100-3984.

Capitatum secundarium

• 0.8% on the right hand, 0.3% on the left
  • Natsis et al., see list bottom.
• Location and shapeRoche Lexikon, see list bottom.

Paratrapezium

• 0.3% on the right hand, 0.9% on the left
  • Natsis et al., see list bottom.
• Location and shape:
  • Roberto Schubert. Os paratrapezium. Radiopaedia. Retrieved on 2017-11-04.

Os ulnare externum

• 0.3% on the left**Natsis et al., see list bottom.
• Location and shape
  • W. Pfitzner (1901). Rauber Kopsch Band1. Abb-299.

Pisiforme secundarium

• 0.3% on the right hand
  • Natsis et al., see list bottom.
• Location and shape
  • Roche Lexikon, see list bottom.

Epitrapezium

• 0.3% on the left
  • Natsis et al., see list bottom.
• Location and shape
  • Roche Lexikon, see list bottom.

Natsis et al.:

• Poster Abstracts. Association for Sports Medicine of Serbia (Udruženje za medicinu sporta Srbije) (2006). Retrieved on 2017-11-03., citing: Natsis K., Beletsiotis A., Terzidis I., Gigis P.. A study of the accessory bones of the foot. Incidence in the Greek population-clinical significance.

Roche Lexikon:

• Handwurzelknochen (bones of the wrist). Roche Lexicon. Retrieved on 2017-11-01.

عدل

Versions and translations:

	Foot, dorsoplantar	Foot, lateral	Ankle	Wrist	Fingers
Raster (.jpg)
Vector (.svg)
Translations	Latina	Latina	Latina	Latina	Latina
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