عرض مصدر سكوثيون

{{بطاقة عامة}}'''السكوثيون''' أو '''الإصقوث''' ([[اللغة اليونانية|باللغة اليونانية]]: Σκυθία)<ref>Mirfatih Zekiyev Türklerin ve Tatarların kökeni syf; 143-178 Selenge yayınları Ağustos 2007</ref><ref>Tarhan, M. Taner – "Ön Asya Dünyası'nda İlk Türkler Kimmerler ve İskitler" Türkler Ansiklopedisi, C. I, Ankara 2002, s. 597</ref><ref>Kazi Laypanov / İsmail Miziyev Türk Halklarının kökeni Selenge yaınları 2008 syf 77-101</ref><ref>GÜLER, Ali 2001 Türklük Bilgisi, Tamga Yayıncılık, ANKARA 34</ref><ref>MEMİŞ, Ekrem1987 İskitler’in Tarihi, Selçuk Üniversitesi Yayınları, KONYA syf 79-80</ref><ref>Cahill, Patricia A. ''Unto the breach: martial formations, historical trauma, and the early modern stage'' (2008), Oxford University Press, [http://books.google.com/books?id=zUfP2GnPgg0C&pg=PA45&dq=Turk+Scythians&hl=en&ei=dGlzTZvzM8W44gbmjczYDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Turk%20Scythians&f=false sf. 45] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918060208/http://books.google.com/books?id=zUfP2GnPgg0C&pg=PA45&dq=Turk+Scythians&hl=en&ei=dGlzTZvzM8W44gbmjczYDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ|date=2014-09-18}}</ref><ref>The ancient history of the east by Philip Smith, Page 474 : The Sacae were, in fact, the nomad race whom the Persians found on their northern frontier, along which they extended from Asterabad to Balkh, in the area, and probably as the ancestors, of the present "Turcomans and Uzbeks". The Sacaa appear to have belonged to the "Turkish stock", perhaps with a Mongolian inteimixture</ref><ref>The library of photius V1 , page 73 : The "Turks", formerly called "Massagetae" ( a tribe of Scythians) , and by the Persians Kirmikhiones, who live to the east of the Tanais (Don)</ref><ref>A History of All Nations from the Earliest Times by Samuel Griswold, page 357: The tribes of barbarians who inhabited the wide tract of country to the east of the Caspian Sea received from the ancients the general name of "Scythinans" they are now known to Europeans under the appellation of "Tartars". Although this country has been from time to time subject to a succession of warlike nations, they have probably all been derived from the same original stock for, though known to the rest of the world by various names, their habits and character have always been the same. The "Scythians" of the Greeks do not differ essentially from the modern "Tartars:. Before the time of Alexander, the region called Transoxiana was inhabited by a nation known under the general name of Sacae of these the Geta and Massaget were powerful tribes</ref><ref>Travels in Tartay, Thibet and China by M.Huc page 307: The "Tartars", descended from the ancient "Scythians", have preserved to this day the dexterity of their ancestors in archery and horsemanship</ref><ref>A history of India by Phd Augustus Frederic Rudolf, page 43: In the meantime there had appeared on the borders of India a formidable foe who soon overthrew the whole of the Graeco-Bactrian kingdoms. These were the "Sakas", a section of the great "Turki", or "Scythian" race</ref><ref>The story of the nations Parthia by Phd George Rawlinson, page 31</ref><ref>Hunted through central Asia , Paul Nazaroff, 2002 , Page 123:
There is no doubt as Professor Mischenko thinks that the "Scythian" tribe of "Massagetae" where nothing more nor less than the ancestors of the "Kirghiz"(a Turki nation) of today in the Turagi province. Where the name survives in the river Massagatka and the mountain Mussagat"</ref><ref>Don García de Silva Figueroa, from book Totius legationis suae et Indicarum rerum Persidisque commentarii, Page 123:
"There is no doubt that the "Turkmens" are of the "Scythian" or Asian Tatars, and they can not be doubted as they are "Turk", because in addition to the nominal and characteristic similarities, of when they had entered Persian empire from Asia minor, their Turkish origins is known and undoubtable for themselves and for the Persians"</ref><ref>Sir William Smith : Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography: Abacaenum Hytanis : p 1097: "Now between these limits lay the Scythian of Herodotus, That the "Scythians" of Herodotus belonged to the great "Turk" " family</ref><ref>Alexanderian Mirror [ Persian Ayne Eskandari] by persian scholar Mirza Agha Khan Kermani , page 81 : This "tartarian" tribes who lived around the river Jaxartes divided into three branches: first Sac that are known by name Sit an Sac (Scythian), second Massagate , and the third tribe is Saget which is known by name Khetas</ref><ref>F. R. Grahame, the Empires of Scythia, Page 10, Such were the Monarchies of Huns, the Igours and, Avars ; The Chazars, Polotzi, and Mongols, While the Ottoman "Turks" who are also "Scythian" in origin and descent</ref> هم شعب [[بدو]]ي متنقل ينحدر من أصول [[إيران]]ية وهم من مملكة سيثيا (سكيثيا) ، حل محل [[سيريين|السيريين]] الذي كانوا قد جاؤا من سهول [[روسيا]]، وقد نزح السكوثيون من سهول [[أوراسيا]] إلى جنوبي [[روسيا]] في القرن 8 ق م.<ref>{{استشهاد ويب| مسار = https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlsh/00571666 | عنوان = معلومات عن سكوثيون على موقع id.ndl.go.jp | ناشر = id.ndl.go.jp|مسار أرشيف= https://web.archive.org/web/20200430232719/https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlsh/00571666|تاريخ أرشيف=2020-03-24}}</ref><ref>{{استشهاد ويب| مسار = https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0104568.xml | عنوان = معلومات عن سكوثيون على موقع enciclopedia.cat | ناشر = enciclopedia.cat|مسار أرشيف= https://web.archive.org/web/20191208051451/https://www.enciclopedia.cat/EC-GEC-0104568.xml|تاريخ أرشيف=2019-12-08}}</ref><ref>{{استشهاد ويب| مسار = https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11935892c | عنوان = معلومات عن سكوثيون على موقع catalogue.bnf.fr | ناشر = catalogue.bnf.fr| مسار أرشيف = https://web.archive.org/web/20170528100416/http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11935892c | تاريخ أرشيف = 28 مايو 2017 }}</ref>، واستقروا بغرب نهر ال[[فولغا|فولجا]] شمال البحر الأسود حيث كانوا علي صلة بالمستعمرات الإغريقية حول البحر الأسود. تعرف اليوم ب[[القرم|شبه جزيرة القرم]] ([[أوكرانيا]]). تمكن السكوثيون من تأسيس إمبراطورية غنية وقوية استمرت لقرون عديدة قبل أن يخضعوا [[سارماتيون|للسارماتيين]] بين القرنين الرابع قبل الميلاد حتى القرن الثاني الميلادي.

معظم ما نعرفه اليوم عن تاريخ السكوثيين يأتي من الروايات التي دونها المؤرخ [[اليونان]]ي القديم [[هيرودوت]]س، والذي كان قد زار بلادهم. وقد نشرت تلك السجلات بعد دراستها من قبل علماء الأنتروبولوجيا ([[علم الإنسان]]) [[روسيا|الروس]]. كما كتب عنهم أيضاً المؤرخ [[يهود|اليهودي]] [[يوسيفوس فلافيوس]] ووصفهم بأنهم شعب [[يأجوج ومأجوج|ماجوج]].

كان السكوثيين يثيرون إعجاب وخوف جيرانهم لخفة حركتهم ولبسالتهم في الحروب والمعارك، خصوصاً لمهارتهم ب[[فروسية|الفروسية]] حيث كانوا من أوائل الشعوب الذين تفننوا بركوب [[فرس|الخيل]].