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ملف:Sn discoveries.gif
Sn_discoveries.gif (480 × 240 بكسل حجم الملف: 3٫21 ميجابايت، نوع MIME: image/gif، ملفوف، 126 إطارا، 38ث)
ملاحظة: نظراً للقيود التقنية، فإن الصورة المصغرة لهذا الملف GIF عالي الدقة ستكون غير متحركة.
هذا ملف من ويكيميديا كومنز. معلومات من صفحة وصفه مبينة في الأسفل. كومنز مستودع ملفات ميديا ذو رخصة حرة. |
ملخص
الوصفSn discoveries.gif |
English: Animated gif showing the R.A. and Dec. of supernovae discovered since 1885.
|
التاريخ | |
المصدر | عمل شخصي |
المؤلف | RCThomas |
إصدارات أخرى | File:Supernovae discovered since 1885 (larger size).gif (previous version uploaded separately) |
ترخيص
هذا الملف متوفر تحت ترخيص المشاع الإبداعي CC0 1.0 الحقوق العامة. | |
لقد وَضَعَ صاحب حقوق التَّأليف والنَّشر هذا العملَ في النَّطاق العامّ من خلال تنازُلِه عن حقوق العمل كُلِّها في أنحاء العالم جميعها تحت قانون حقوق التَّأليف والنَّشر، ويشمل ذلك الحقوق المُتَّصِلة بها والمُجاورة لها برمتها بما يتوافق مع ما يُحدده القانون. يمكنك نسخ وتعديل وتوزيع وإعادة إِنتاج العمل، بما في ذلك لأغراضٍ تجاريَّةٍ، دون حاجةٍ لطلب مُوافَقة صاحب حقوق العمل.
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.enCC0Creative Commons Zero, Public Domain Dedicationfalsefalse |
Source Code
This is the python script I used to generate the frames for this movie. I then made the animated gif using ImageMagick convert tool.
#!/usr/bin/env python
import numpy
import pylab
import urllib
#- Fetch the plain-text, fixed-column-width version of the Asiago Supernova
#- Catalog (ASC) from the Asiago Supernova Group website. This group tries
#- to maintain a comprehensive list of all supernovae discovered and announced
#- publically via IAU circulars.
#-
#- Literature reference for the ASC:
#- [Barbon et al., 1999, A&AS, 139, 531]
#-
#- The Asiago Supernova Group website is at:
#- [http://graspa.oapd.inaf.it/]
#-
#- Another resource is the Sternberg Supernova Catalog:
#- [http://www.sai.msu.su/sn/sncat/]
stream = urllib.urlopen( "http://graspa.oapd.inaf.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=63&Itemid=82&dir=%2Fvar%2Fwww%2Fhtml%2Fjsmallfib_top%2Fcat&download_file=jsmallfib_top%2Fcat%2Fcat.txt" )
lines = [ line.rstrip( "\n\r" ) for line in stream ]
stream.close()
lines.pop( 0 )
#- We are interested in the supernova year, R.A. and Dec., and discoverer. The
#- ASC has remained consistent since 1999 in formatting its plain-text edition,
#- so in the spirit of keeping it simple we adopt the fixed fields as we find
#- them on this day. Notice that we read both the coordinates of the host
#- galaxy and the supernova in each case --- the host galaxy values are needed
#- in case the supernova coordinates are not listed.
bounds = { # The following column definitions are correct as of 2010-04-20.
"year" : ( 2, 6 ),
"gal_ra" : ( 32, 42 ),
"gal_dec" : ( 42, 52 ),
"sn_ra" : ( 52, 62 ),
"sn_dec" : ( 62, 77 ),
"disc" : ( 197, None ) }
#- Process each row so that the supernova R.A. and Dec. fields are in radians.
#- This means making sure that if no supernova coordinates are recorded in the
#- ASC, we substitute in the host galaxy coordinates, which will be good enough
#- for the figure we are going to make --- the error is much smaller than the
#- size of the symbols we will use for plotting.
years = []
ras = []
decs = []
discs = []
for line in lines :
if not line.rstrip() :
continue
# Year and discoverer are easy.
year = int( line[ bounds[ "year" ][ 0 ] : bounds[ "year" ][ 1 ] ] )
disc = line[ bounds[ "disc" ][ 0 ] : ]
# Try for supernova R.A. and Decl. and use galaxy values only if needed.
ra = line[ bounds[ "sn_ra" ][ 0 ] : bounds[ "sn_ra" ][ 1 ] ].strip( ": " )
dec = line[ bounds[ "sn_dec" ][ 0 ] : bounds[ "sn_dec" ][ 1 ] ].strip( ": " )
if not ( ra and dec ) :
ra = line[ bounds[ "gal_ra" ][ 0 ] : bounds[ "gal_ra" ][ 1 ] ].strip( ": " )
dec = line[ bounds[ "gal_dec" ][ 0 ] : bounds[ "gal_dec" ][ 1 ] ].strip( ": " )
# Convert R.A. to float degrees.
h, m, s = ra[ 0 : 2 ], ra[ 2 : 4 ], ra[ 4 : ]
try :
test = float( s )
except ValueError:
s = "00"
ra = 15.0 * ( float( h ) + ( float( m ) + float( s ) / 60.0 ) / 60.0 )
# Convert Dec. to float degrees.
p, d, m, s = dec[ 0 ], dec[ 1 : 3 ], dec[ 3 : 5 ], dec[ 5 : ]
try :
test = float( s )
except ValueError:
s = "00"
dec = float( d ) + ( float( m ) + float( s ) / 60.0 ) / 60.0
if p != "+": dec = -dec
# Push onto each array.
years.append( year )
ras.append ( ra )
decs.append ( dec )
discs.append( disc )
years = numpy.array( years, dtype = "int" )
discs = numpy.array( discs )
ras = numpy.radians( numpy.array( ras ) )
decs = numpy.radians( numpy.array( decs ) )
ras[ ras > numpy.pi ] = ras[ ras > numpy.pi ] - 2.0 * numpy.pi
#- Colors for some selected surveys --- not exhaustive by any stretch.
colors = []
for i, disc in enumerate( discs ) :
if "sdss" in disc.lower() :
discs[ i ] = "SDSS"
colors.append( "#C28800" )
elif "loss" in disc.lower() or "lotoss" in disc.lower() :
discs[ i ] = "LOSS"
colors.append( "#B20050" )
elif "hzsst" in disc.lower() :
discs[ i ] = "High-Z"
colors.append( "#FF9C00" )
elif "nsf" in disc.lower() :
discs[ i ] = "SNfactory"
colors.append( "#06D1AE" )
elif "essence" in disc.lower() :
discs[ i ] = "ESSENCE"
colors.append( "#0F00B2" )
elif "scp" in disc.lower() :
discs[ i ] = "SCP"
colors.append( "#8C8458" )
elif "cfht" in disc.lower() :
discs[ i ] = "SNLS"
colors.append( "#3B6642" )
else :
discs[ i ] = "other" # could add others here
colors.append( "#516587" )
colors = numpy.array( colors )
#- Generate a bunch of images to be run through ImageMagick convert to make an
#- animated GIF.
uniq_years = sorted( set( years ) )
discs_used = []
color_used = []
for i, year in enumerate( range( 1885, 2011 ) ) :
fig = pylab.figure( figsize = ( 8, 4 ), dpi = 180 )
axes = pylab.axes( projection = "hammer" )
axes.grid( True )
selected = years < year
print year,
print selected.sum(),
if any( selected ) :
axes.scatter( ras[ selected ], decs[ selected ], c = colors[ selected ], edgecolors = "none", alpha = 0.5 )
selected = years == year
print selected.sum()
if any( selected ) :
axes.scatter( ras[ selected ], decs[ selected ], c = colors[ selected ], edgecolors = "none", alpha = 1.0 )
labels = discs[ selected ]
for disc, color in zip( discs[ selected ], colors[ selected ] ) :
if disc == "other" :
continue
if disc not in discs_used :
discs_used.append( disc )
color_used.append( color )
print discs_used
for i, disc in enumerate( discs_used ) :
pylab.text( 0.99, 0.32 - 0.06 * i, disc, color = color_used[ i ], transform = axes.transAxes )
pylab.title( year )
pylab.savefig( str( year ) + ".jpg" )
pylab.clf()
العناصر المصورة في هذا الملف
يُصوِّر
قيمة ما بدون عنصر ويكي بيانات
٢٠ أبريل 2010
image/gif
تاريخ الملف
اضغط على زمن/تاريخ لرؤية الملف كما بدا في هذا الزمن.
زمن/تاريخ | صورة مصغرة | الأبعاد | مستخدم | تعليق | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
حالي | 10:07، 22 أبريل 2010 | 480 × 240 (3٫21 ميجابايت) | commonswiki>RCThomas | Smaller size so when it's embedded into an article it actually animates but doesn't interfere with the text by overwhelming it. No change to the source code was used; just a resize step in the convert call. Category:Supernovae |
استخدام الملف
ال1 ملف التالي مكررات لهذا الملف (المزيد من التفاصيل):
- ملف:Sn discoveries.gif من ويكيميديا كومنز
الصفحتان التاليتان تستخدمان هذا الملف: