https://3rabica.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%81%D8%B9%D9%89سم الأفعى - تاريخ المراجعة2026-06-14T01:04:47Zتاريخ التعديل لهذه الصفحة في الويكيMediaWiki 1.43.7https://3rabica.org/index.php?title=%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%81%D8%B9%D9%89&diff=2343225&oldid=prevعبد العزيز: بوت:إضافة بوابة (بوابة:زواحف وبرمائيات)2023-07-04T18:57:51Z<p>بوت:إضافة بوابة (بوابة:زواحف وبرمائيات)</p>
<p><b>صفحة جديدة</b></p><div>{{Pfam box|Name=سم الأفعي|image=Vipera berus - Venom delivery apparatus.JPG|width=250px|caption=[[الأفعى الشائعة]] -&nbsp;جهاز ضخ السم|Symbol=Toxin_1|Pfam=PF00087|InterPro=IPR003571|PROSITE=PDOC00245|Prosite=PDOC00245|SCOP=2ctx|OPM family=55|OPM protein=1txa|PDB={{PDB3|1ntx}} :1-60 {{PDB3|2era}} :22-83 {{PDB3|3era}}B:22-83<br />
{{PDB3|1qke}} :22-83 {{PDB3|1qkd}}A:22-83 {{PDB3|5ebx}} :22-83<br />
{{PDB3|1fra}} :22-83 {{PDB3|3ebx}} :22-83 {{PDB3|6ebx}}A:22-83<br />
{{PDB3|1nxb}} :22-83 {{PDB3|1era}} :22-83 {{PDB3|1nea}} :1-61<br />
{{PDB3|1iq9}}A:1-61 {{PDB3|1lnk}}A:1-61 {{PDB3|1v6p}}A:22-83<br />
{{PDB3|1coe}} :22-83 {{PDB3|1cod}} :22-83 {{PDB3|1g6m}}A:1-62<br />
{{PDB3|1y5t}}A:22-82 {{PDB3|1y5s}}A:22-82 {{PDB3|1vb0}}A:22-82<br />
{{PDB3|1onj}}A:22-82 {{PDB3|1nor}} :1-61 {{PDB3|1je9}}A:1-61<br />
{{PDB3|1txa}} :1-65 {{PDB3|1txb}} :1-65 {{PDB3|2ctx}} :1-64<br />
{{PDB3|1yi5}}F:1-64 {{PDB3|1lxg}}A:1-64 {{PDB3|1lxh}}A:1-64<br />
{{PDB3|1ctx}} :1-64 {{PDB3|2abx}}A:22-87 {{PDB3|1idi}}A:22-88<br />
{{PDB3|1jbd}}A:22-88 {{PDB3|1ljz}}A:22-88 {{PDB3|1haa}}A:22-88<br />
{{PDB3|1l4w}}A:22-88 {{PDB3|1idl}}A:22-88 {{PDB3|1lk1}}F:22-88<br />
{{PDB3|1bxp}}A:22-88 {{PDB3|1ikc}}A:22-88 {{PDB3|1haj}}A:22-88<br />
{{PDB3|1idh}}A:22-88 {{PDB3|1kfh}}A:22-88 {{PDB3|1abt}}A:22-88<br />
{{PDB3|1hoy}}A:22-88 {{PDB3|1rgj}}A:22-88 {{PDB3|1idg}}A:22-88<br />
{{PDB3|2btx}}A:22-88 {{PDB3|1kc4}}A:22-88 {{PDB3|1kl8}}A:22-88<br />
{{PDB3|1ik8}}A:22-88 {{PDB3|1ntn}} :1-66 {{PDB3|1w6b}}A:1-66<br />
{{PDB3|1lsi}} :22-85 {{PDB3|1kba}}B:22-87 {{PDB3|2nbt}}A:22-87<br />
{{PDB3|1jgk}}A:25-87 {{PDB3|1lq3}}A:1-65 {{PDB3|1xw1}}A:1-65<br />
{{PDB3|1y5p}}A:1-65 {{PDB3|1y5q}}A:1-65 {{PDB3|1lmg}}A:1-65<br />
{{PDB3|1xw0}}A:1-65 {{PDB3|1ln9}}A:1-65 {{PDB3|1y6c}}A:22-86<br />
{{PDB3|1y68}}A:22-86 {{PDB3|1xvz}}A:1-62 {{PDB3|1ln7}}A:1-62<br />
{{PDB3|1ff4}}A:22-86 {{PDB3|1ug4}}A:22-81 {{PDB3|1cb9}}A:1-60<br />
{{PDB3|1ccq}}A:1-60 {{PDB3|1ffj}}A:1-60 {{PDB3|1i02}}A:22-81<br />
{{PDB3|1xt3}}B:22-81 {{PDB3|1h0j}}A:22-81 {{PDB3|2crt}} :22-81<br />
{{PDB3|2crs}} :22-81 {{PDB3|2cdx}} :22-81 {{PDB3|1rl5}}A:1-60<br />
{{PDB3|1chv}}S:1-60 {{PDB3|1kbt}} :22-81 {{PDB3|1kbs}} :22-81<br />
{{PDB3|1cre}} :22-81 {{PDB3|1crf}} :22-81 {{PDB3|1cdt}}A:1-60<br />
{{PDB3|2ccx}} :1-60 {{PDB3|1cxo}} :1-60 {{PDB3|1tgx}}A:1-60<br />
{{PDB3|1cxn}} :1-60 {{PDB3|1kxi}}B:22-83 {{PDB3|1cvo}} :22-83<br />
{{PDB3|1tfs}} :1-60 {{PDB3|1drs}} :1-59 {{PDB3|1vyl}}A:1-57<br />
{{PDB3|1ijc}}A:1-63 {{PDB3|1f94}}A:1-63}}'''سُم الأفعى '''هو [[لعاب]] مُعدل بكثافة والذي يحتوي على [[زعاف|الزعاف]] والذي مهمته شل حركة [[افتراس|الفريسة]] والمساعدة على هضمها، والدفاع ضد الأخطار المحتملة. يتم ضخه إلى جسم الضحية بعد [[لدغة الأفعى|اللدغة]] عن طريق [[ناب داخلي|الأنياب الداخلية]]، وبعض الحيوانات قادرة على البصق به أيضاً.<br />
<br />
الغدد التي تفرز [[زعاف|الزعاف]] هي تعديل [[غدة نكافية|للغدد النكافية]] اللعابية الموجودة في [[فقاريات|الفقاريات]] الأخرى، وعادة ما تكون موجودة على كل جانب من الرأس، أسفل العين وخلفها، ومغلفة في غمد عضلي. تحتوي الغدد على [[حويصلة هوائية|حويصلات هوائية]] كبيرة يتم فيها تخزين السم المركب قبل نقله عبر قناة إلى قاعدة أنياب المجرى أو أنبوبي يتم إخراجه من خلالها.<ref name="Firefly">{{استشهاد بكتاب|عنوان=Firefly Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians|مسار=https://archive.org/details/fireflyencyclope0000unse_p6l7|ناشر=Firefly Books Ltd.|سنة=2002|ISBN=1-55297-613-0|صفحات=[https://archive.org/details/fireflyencyclope0000unse_p6l7/page/202 202]–203|الأخير=(edited by) Halliday; Adler|الأول=Tim; Kraig| مسار أرشيف = https://web.archive.org/web/20220407224556/https://archive.org/details/fireflyencyclope0000unse_p6l7 | تاريخ أرشيف = 7 أبريل 2022 }}</ref><br />
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== انظر أيضًا ==<br />
<br />
* [[مضاد السم]]<br />
* [[لدغة الأفعى]]<br />
* [[حاملات السم]]<br />
<br />
== المراجع ==<br />
{{مراجع}}<br />
<br />
== روابط خارجية ==<br />
<br />
* [http://snakesarelong.blogspot.com/2013/09/basics-of-snake-fangs.html An overview of the diversity and evolution of snake fangs]<br />
* [http://www.toxinology.com/fusebox.cfm?staticaction=snakes/ns-snvenom.htm Snake Venoms]<br />
* {{UMichOPM|families|superfamily|55}} - Calculated orientations of snake venome toxins in the lipid bilayer<br />
* {{UMichOPM|families|superfamily|90}} - Calculated orientations of snake venom phospholipases A2 and myotoxins in the lipid bilayer<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120413182323/http://www.venomdoc.com/LD50/LD50men.html LD50's for most toxic venoms.]<br />
* [http://www.avru.org Australian Venom Research Unit] - a general source of information for venomous creatures in Australia<br />
* [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/1/10 biomedcentral.com] - Medicinal and ethnoveterinary remedies of hunters in [[ترينيداد]]<br />
* [http://reptilis.net/serpentes/venom.html reptilis.net] - How venom works<br />
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120412010008/http://snakevenom.net/2010/01/drying-storage-snake-venom/ snakevenom.net] - Drying and storage of snake venom<br />
* {{استشهاد بدورية محكمة|عنوان=Finding flexible patterns in unaligned protein sequences|تاريخ=August 1995|صحيفة=Protein Sci.|العدد=8|DOI=10.1002/pro.5560040817|المجلد=4|صفحات=1587–95|PMID=8520485|الأخير=Jonassen I, Collins JF, Higgins DG|الأخير2=Collins|الأخير3=Higgins}}<br />
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<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="display: none;"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to an article in a magazine or journal, using the provided source information (e.g. journal name, author, title, issue, URL) and various formatting options.">Cite journal</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Last name</span><span data-key="last" title="The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last" style="position: relative;">Jonassen I, Collins JF, Higgins DG</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last2" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Last name 2</span><span data-key="last2" title="The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink2'." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last2" style="position: relative;">Collins</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last3" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Last name 3</span><span data-key="last3" title="The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink3'." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last3" style="position: relative;">Higgins</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="date" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Source date</span><span data-key="date" title="Date of the source; do not wikilink. As listed in the publication" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="date" style="position: relative;">August 1995</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the article; can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in quotes." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">Finding flexible patterns in unaligned protein sequences</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="journal" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Journal</span><span data-key="journal" title="Name of the source journal; may be wikilinked; displays in italics; alias of 'work'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="journal" style="position: relative;">Protein Sci.</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="publisher" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Publisher</span><span data-key="publisher" title="Name of the publisher; displays after title" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="publisher" style="position: relative;">Protein Sci.</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="volume" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Volume</span><span data-key="volume" title="For one publication published in several volumes" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="volume" style="position: relative;">4</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="issue" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Issue</span><span data-key="issue" title="Issue identifier when the source is part of a series that is published periodically" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="issue" style="position: relative;">8</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pages" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Pages</span><span data-key="pages" title="Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pages" style="position: relative;">1587–95</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="doi" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">DOI</span><span data-key="doi" title="Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.'" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="doi" style="position: relative;">10.1002/pro.5560040817</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="pmid" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">PMID</span><span data-key="pmid" title="PubMed Unique Identifier" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="pmid" style="position: relative;">8520485</div></div></div></div><br />
* {{استشهاد بكتاب|عنوان=Molecules of Death|تاريخ=August 1995|ناشر=Imperial College Press|سنة=2007|ISBN=1-86094-815-4|إصدار=Second|المجلد=4|صفحات=329–344|الفصل=Chapter 19: Snake Toxins|DOI=10.1002/pro.5560040817|PMID=8520485|الأخير=Shaw IC|الأخير2=Collins|الأخير3=Higgins}}تحقق من التاريخ في: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#x7C;year= / &#x7C;date= mismatch</code><br />
{{تصنيف كومنز|Snake venom toxins}}<br />
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{{السموم وتأثيرها}}<br />
{{ضبط استنادي}}<br />
{{شريط بوابات|زواحف وبرمائيات|طب}}<br />
<br />
{{مصادر طبية}}<br />
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[[تصنيف:سموم الفقاريات]]<br />
[[تصنيف:طوارئ طبية برية]]<br />
[[تصنيف:ثعابين سامة]]</div>عبد العزيز