عبد العزيز: إزالة صورة مكررة

2023-04-12T19:08:08Z

إزالة صورة مكررة

صفحة جديدة

{{بطاقة طعام}}
'''البِتْعُ<ref>{{استشهاد بويكي بيانات|Q110402833|صفحة=37}} البِتْعُ: ''':''' نبيذ العسل</ref><ref>{{استشهاد بويكي بيانات|Q107398622|صفحة=4}}، يقابلها بالإنجليزية Mead.
</ref><ref>{{استشهاد بويكي بيانات|Q113297966|صفحة=168}}، يُقابله Hydromel</ref>''' أو '''الميد''' (بالإنكليزية: Mead) من [[مشروب كحولي|المشروبات الكحولية]] التي يتم إنشاؤها بواسطة [[تخمر الإيثانول|تخمر]] [[عسل|العسل]] مع الماء، وفي بعض الأحيان مع مختلف [[ثمرة|الفواكه]]، و[[بهارات|التوابل]]، و[[حبة غذائية|الحبوب]]، أو حشيشة الدينار.<ref>[https://www.yourdictionary.com/mead Mead dictionary definition | mead defined] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718084001/http://www.yourdictionary.com/mead |date=18 يوليو 2018}}</ref><ref>Beer is produced by the fermentation of grain, but grain can be used in mead provided it is strained off immediately. As long as the primary substance fermented is still honey, the drink is still mead.{{استشهاد بكتاب|عنوان=Rites of Odin|الأول=Edward|الأخير=Fitch|ناشر=Llewellyn Worldwide|سنة=1990|مسار= https://books.google.com/?id=Kg8nObaAZMEC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|isbn=9780875422244|صفحة=290|مكان=St. Paul, Minnesota|مسار أرشيف= https://web.archive.org/web/20200213225711/https://books.google.com/books?id=Kg8nObaAZMEC&printsec=frontcover&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=false|تاريخ أرشيف=2020-02-13}}</ref><ref>Hops are better known as the bitter ingredient of [//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer beer]. However, they have also been used in mead both ancient and in modern times. The ''Legend of Frithiof'' mentions hops: {{استشهاد بدورية محكمة|عنوان=Tegner's Legend of Frithiof|تاريخ=September 1828 – January 1829|صحيفة=The Foreign Quarterly Review|ناشر=Treuttel and Würtz, Treuttel, Jun and Richter|المجلد=III|اقتباس=He next ... bids ... Halfdan recollect ... that to produce mead hops must be mingled with the honey;|الأخير=Mohnike|الأول=G.C.F.|مكان=London}} That this formula is still in use is shown by the recipe for "Real Monastery Mead" in {{استشهاد بكتاب|الأول=Elena|الأخير=Molokhovets|آخرون=Joyce Stetson (trans.)|عنوان=Classic Russian Cooking|صفحة=474|ناشر=Indiana University Press|سنة=1998|مسار= https://books.google.com/?id=ttlCGJxfLRUC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|isbn=0-253-21210-3|مسار أرشيف= https://web.archive.org/web/20200213225713/https://books.google.com/?id=ttlCGJxfLRUC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|تاريخ أرشيف=2020-02-13}}</ref> ومحتوى الكحولية يتراوح من حوالي 3.5% [[نسبة الكحول|ABV]]<ref>Lichine, Alexis. ''Alexis Lichine’s New Encyclopedia of Wines & Spirits'' (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1987), 328.</ref> إلى أكثر من 20%، أما السمة المميزة لميد هي أن معظم السكر المتخمّر لهذا المشروب مشتق من العسل.<ref name="Gayre">{{استشهاد بكتاب|الأخير=Gayre|الأول=Robert|عنوان=Brewing Mead|ناشر=Brewers Publications|سنة=1986|صفحة=158|مسار=https://books.google.com/books/about/Brewing_mead.html?id=vyFHAAAAYAAJ|isbn=0-937381-00-4|اقتباس=...Therefore to our synopsis: Mead is the general name for all drinks made of honey.| مسار أرشيف = https://web.archive.org/web/20161225164015/https://books.google.com/books/about/Brewing_mead.html?id=vyFHAAAAYAAJ | تاريخ أرشيف = 25 ديسمبر 2016 }}</ref> قد يكون لا يزال، غازي، أو فوار بشكل طبيعي؛ وجاف أو شبه حلو أو حلو.<ref>{{استشهاد بكتاب|الأول=Anthony H.|الأخير=Rose|عنوان=Alcoholic Beverages|صفحة=413|ناشر=Academic Press|سنة=1977|مكان=Michigan}}</ref>

== المراجع ==
{{مراجع|30em}}

== مزيد من القراءة ==

* {{استشهاد بكتاب|عنوان=The Compleat Meadmaker|مسار=https://archive.org/details/compleatmeadmake0000schr|تاريخ=2003|ناشر=Brewers Publications|ISBN=978-0937381809|الأخير=Schramm|الأول=Ken}}

<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="display: none;"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to a book using the provided bibliographic information (such as author and title) as well as various formatting options.">Cite book</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the book; displays in italics" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">The Compleat Meadmaker</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Last name</span><span data-key="last" title="The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last" style="position: relative;">Schramm</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="first" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">First name</span><span data-key="first" title="Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="first" style="position: relative;">Ken</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="date" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Date</span><span data-key="date" title="Full date of the source; do not wikilink" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="date" style="position: relative;">2003</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="publisher" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Publisher</span><span data-key="publisher" title="Name of the publisher; displays after title" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="publisher" style="position: relative;">Brewers Publications</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="isbn" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">ISBN</span><span data-key="isbn" title="International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="isbn" style="position: relative;">978-0937381809</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Authors list</span><span data-key="authors" title="List of authors as a free form list. Use of this parameter is discouraged, "lastn" to "firstn" are preferable. Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="authors" style="position: relative;">Schramm</div></div></div></div>
* {{استشهاد بكتاب|عنوان=Dionysus: Archetypal Image of Indestructible Life|ناشر=[[جامعة برينستون|جامعة برنستون]] Press|سنة=1976|ISBN=0-691-09863-8|الأخير=Kerenyi|الأول=Karl}}

<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="display: none;"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to a book using the provided bibliographic information (such as author and title) as well as various formatting options.">Cite book</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the book; displays in italics" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">Dionysus: Archetypal Image of Indestructible Life</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Last name</span><span data-key="last" title="The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last" style="position: relative;">Kerenyi</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="first" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">First name</span><span data-key="first" title="Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="first" style="position: relative;">Karl</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="publisher" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Publisher</span><span data-key="publisher" title="Name of the publisher; displays after title" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="publisher" style="position: relative;">[[جامعة برينستون|Princeton University]] Press</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="year" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Year of publication</span><span data-key="year" title="Year of the source being referenced; use 'date' instead, if month and day are also known" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="year" style="position: relative;">1976</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="isbn" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">ISBN</span><span data-key="isbn" title="International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="isbn" style="position: relative;">0-691-09863-8</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Authors list</span><span data-key="authors" title="List of authors as a free form list. Use of this parameter is discouraged, "lastn" to "firstn" are preferable. Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="authors" style="position: relative;">Kerenyi</div></div></div></div>
* {{استشهاد بكتاب|عنوان=The Closet of the Eminently Learned Sir Kenelme Digbie Kt Opened 1669|تاريخ=1997|ناشر=Prospect Books|ISBN=0-907325-76-9|الأخير=Digby|الأول=Kenelm|مؤلف2-الأخير=Jane Stevenson|مؤلف3-الأخير=Peter Davidson}}

<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="display: none;"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to a book using the provided bibliographic information (such as author and title) as well as various formatting options.">Cite book</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the book; displays in italics" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">The Closet of the Eminently Learned Sir Kenelme Digbie Kt Opened 1669</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Last name</span><span data-key="last" title="The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last" style="position: relative;">Digby</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="first" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">First name</span><span data-key="first" title="Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="first" style="position: relative;">Kenelm</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last2" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Last name 2</span><span data-key="last2" title="The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink2'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last2" style="position: relative;">Jane Stevenson</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last3" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Last name 3</span><span data-key="last3" title="The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink3'." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last3" style="position: relative;">Peter Davidson</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="date" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Date</span><span data-key="date" title="Full date of the source; do not wikilink" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="date" style="position: relative;">1997</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="publisher" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Publisher</span><span data-key="publisher" title="Name of the publisher; displays after title" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="publisher" style="position: relative;">Prospect Books</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="isbn" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">ISBN</span><span data-key="isbn" title="International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="isbn" style="position: relative;">0-907325-76-9</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Authors list</span><span data-key="authors" title="List of authors as a free form list. Use of this parameter is discouraged, "lastn" to "firstn" are preferable. Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="authors" style="position: relative;">Digby</div></div></div></div>
* {{استشهاد بكتاب|عنوان=Brewing Mead: Wassail! In Mazers of Mead|مسار=https://archive.org/details/brewinglagerbeer00noon|تاريخ=1986|ناشر=Brewers Publications|ISBN=0-937381-00-4|الأخير=Gayre|الأول=Robert|مؤلف2-الأخير=Papazian, Charlie}}

<div class="cx-template-editor-source-container" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="display: none;"><div class="cx-template-editor-source"><div class="cx-template-editor-title" title="This template formats a citation to a book using the provided bibliographic information (such as author and title) as well as various formatting options.">Cite book</div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="title" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Title</span><span data-key="title" title="The title of the book; displays in italics" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="title" style="position: relative;">Brewing Mead: Wassail! In Mazers of Mead</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Last name</span><span data-key="last" title="The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last" style="position: relative;">Gayre</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="first" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">First name</span><span data-key="first" title="Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="first" style="position: relative;">Robert</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="last2" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Last name 2</span><span data-key="last2" title="The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink2'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="last2" style="position: relative;">Papazian, Charlie</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="date" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Date</span><span data-key="date" title="Full date of the source; do not wikilink" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="date" style="position: relative;">1986</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="publisher" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Publisher</span><span data-key="publisher" title="Name of the publisher; displays after title" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="publisher" style="position: relative;">Brewers Publications</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="isbn" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">ISBN</span><span data-key="isbn" title="International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible" class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="isbn" style="position: relative;">0-937381-00-4</div></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param"><div class="cx-template-editor-param-title"><span id="authors" class="cx-template-editor-param-key">Authors list</span><span data-key="authors" title="List of authors as a free form list. Use of this parameter is discouraged, "lastn" to "firstn" are preferable. Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used." class="cx-template-editor-param-desc"></span></div><div class="cx-template-editor-param-value" data-key="authors" style="position: relative;">Gayre</div></div></div></div>
{{تصنيف كومنز|Mead}}
{{ضبط استنادي}}
{{مشروبات كحولية}}
{{شريط بوابات|مشروبات|مطاعم وطعام}}

[[تصنيف:إنثيوجينات]]
[[تصنيف:تاريخ المشروبات الكحولية]]
[[تصنيف:مشروبات كحولية سويدية]]
[[تصنيف:مطبخ آيسلندي]]
[[تصنيف:مطبخ إسكتلندي]]
[[تصنيف:مطبخ أيرلندي شمالي]]
[[تصنيف:مطبخ إستوني]]
[[تصنيف:مطبخ دنماركي]]
[[تصنيف:مطبخ فنلندي]]
[[تصنيف:مطبخ نرويجي]]
[[تصنيف:مطبخ ويلزي]]
[[تصنيف:ميد]]
[[تصنيف:وثنية جرمانية]]

بتع - تاريخ المراجعة

عبد العزيز: إزالة صورة مكررة